Hindbrain

The hindbrain (or rhombencephalon) is evolutionary the oldest part of the brain. It contains structures that coordinate and control both voluntary and involuntary movements.

Pons
Forms a bridge between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain.
 * Locus coeruleus, which produces norepinephrine.
 * Olivary system, which receives auditory input from the cochlear nucleus. It measures the time difference betweeen the arrival of sound for the two ears. It connects to the inferior colliculus.

Medulla
Regulates vital functions, such as breathing and the cardiovascular system. Damage to this area can kill you.

Reticular formation
At the core of the whole brainstem. A netlike structure in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed. Associated with sleep-wake behaviour and behaviour arousal.

Contains the Raphé nuclei, which produces serotonin.

Cerebellum
Controls complex movements, as well as various cognitive functions. The relative size of the cerebellum increases with the physical speed and dexterity of a species.